Before a workplace introduces hearing protection, hazardous noise controls need to be put in place to eliminate or minimise risk in the work environment. Noise control measures include:
- Purchasing the quieter machine option.
- Modifying equipment to reduce noise pollution at the source (e.g using silencers).
- Using barriers, like soundproofing, to isolate the noise.
- Operating noisy machinery when fewer workers are around.
- Limiting the number of times workers are exposed to hazardous noise.
- Designating a quiet area (e.g. break room) for workers.
However, if noise control measures are unable to eliminate or reduce noise to a safe level then hearing protection is required.
What are the Different Types of Hearing Protection?
There are three different types of hearing protection a worker can use; earmuffs, reusable earplugs and disposable earplugs.
EarmuffsEarmuffs have two cups that completely cover the ear for protection against hazardous noise. Earmuffs come in three different styles: headband, neckband or cap attached. Earmuffs should fit firmly yet still feel comfortable with the pressure of the headband, neckband or hard hat holding the sound absorbent, soft cushioning foam cups in place to reduce exposure to hazardous noise. Ensure the seal is not damaged to ensure optimal performance. Safety earmuffs are extremely easy to use and are ideal for environments where hearing protection needs to be taken off regularly or in cold and windy work environments as they provide an extra layer of warmth. |
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Reusable EarplugsReusable earplugs are made from pre-moulded silicone to fit snug inside the ear canal. They can be uncorded, corded or neckband/banded. Reusable earplugs do not absorb moisture which makes them ideal for use in wet working environments or in conditions where workers are significantly perspiring. They can last up to three weeks if they are regularly cleaned with soap and water and stored in a case away from heat and direct sunlight. As this extends the product's life, reusable earplugs pose a lower cost in the long term than disposable earplugs. |
Disposable EarplugsDisposable earplugs are single-use only hearing protection PPE. Disposable earplugs are relatively comfortable as they conform to the shape of your ear canal. They are a suitable option for people already suffering from hearing loss as they do not distort high-frequency sounds as much as some other forms of hearing protection do. Disposable earplugs can be either corded or uncorded. |
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How to Fit Disposable Earplugs
Hearing protection is tested to ensure it will provide adequate protection, however, it must be fitted correctly to ensure the proper protection against hazardous noise. If the hearing protection is not fitted correctly it will not offer effective protection and the risk of hearing damage increases significantly. Also, if the correct health and hygiene practices are not followed when fitting hearing protection, irritation and infection may occur. The below instructions outline how disposable earplugs should be fitted, however, the basic principles of these instructions apply to all hearing protection types.
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The fit can also be tested by cupping your hands over your ears and releasing them in a noisy location. If hearing protection has been fitted correctly you should not notice a significant difference. To remove, simply twist the earplug as you gently pull it out. Pulling it straight out without twisting may cause discomfort.
AS/NZS 1270:2002 Hearing Protection Standards
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All of ATOM's hearing protection products are certified to meet AS/NZS standards and have been tested in accordance with AS/NZS 1270. Under AS/NZS 1270:2002 Acoustics - Hearing Protectors, the class is the easiest way to select appropriate hearing protection for noise exposure. This standard classifies hearing protection into five different classes with class 5 being the highest level of protection and class 1 being the lowest. Hearing protection products are classified based on the Sound Level Conversion (SLC80) rating. The SLC80 rating is defined as the difference between the noise level of the environment in which hearing protection is worn and the noise exposure reaching the inner ear of the individual wearing the product (80dB). Therefore, once the extent of the noise hazard is determined, an individual can use the table on the left to select appropriate hearing protection. |
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Workplace Hearing Protection
In the workplace, hearing protection must strike a balance between providing appropriate hazardous noise protection and allowing workers to communicate effectively with one another. Where relevant, hearing protection must be worn at all times and should only be removed once there is no longer a risk of hazardous noise exposure. These areas must be clearly marked to limit confusion and encourage compliance.
When selecting hearing protection, a one size fits all approach isn't always the most effective control measure. Risks and job requirements should be assessed individually, or by the department, to ensure hearing protection is assigned appropriately. Hearing protection must also be easy for workers to use and as comfortable as possible, without jeopardising effectiveness, to provide consistent protection whilst in a high hazardous noise environment. More important factors to consider when selecting hearing protection include size/fit, weight, other PPE compatibility, hand hygiene, climate and storage.
Consequences of Noise Exposure in the WorkplaceIt's important for workers to be aware of how to correctly fit designated hearing protection as failure to comply with this process will limit protection levels and increase the risk of hearing loss. Exposure to loud noises, greater than 85dB, can cause damage to our hearing, which can cause permanent hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing of the ears). Repeated exposure to loud sounds can also result in other health issues including stress, fatigue, sleep disturbance and anxiety. According to the Australian Government Department of Health, in Australia, 3.6 million people suffer from hearing loss and 1.3 million people have a hearing condition that could have been prevented. In the workplace, hearing loss can lead to safety implications as it can cause a lack of awareness and reduced concentration. According to Safe Work Australia, 28-32% of Australians are likely to work in an environment where they are exposed to hazardous noise. On average, 4,700 claims are made per year for noise-induced hearing loss, with the highest "at risk" professions being technicians, trade workers, machinery operators, drivers and labourers. Whilst hearing loss is irreversible, it can be easily prevented. |
Noise Exposure Guidelines: for every 3dB over 85dB, the allowable exposure time before impairment can occur is halved.
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When to Wear Hearing Protection
4 Important Steps to Prevent Hearing Loss
According to Work Health and Safety Regulations, a Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) must provide an audiometric test within 3 months of a worker commencing work that exposes them to a risk of noise-induced hearing loss in their workplace. At least every two years a follow-up test must be conducted. More frequent audiometric testing (e.g. every six months) may be needed if exposures are at a high LAeq, 8h, which is equal to or greater than 100dB(A). Follow the steps below to conduct an Audiometric Test for your workplace.
Conduct a site noise survey |
Detailed Noise Assessment
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Hierarchy of Risk Control
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Monitoring
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Steps to Achieve a Seamless Hearing Conservation Program
Accurate Noise Detection |
Adaptable Hearing Protection |
Fit Test Validation |
Matching the most appropriate hearing protection with your work environment can be challenging. Contact the ATOM Safety team today to receive their expert recommendation on the right hearing protection for you and/or your workers.